An Essay on Man
The Great Chain of Being
A. O. Lovejoy.The Great Chain of Being (1936):Plenitude, Gradation, Continuity
G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) Theory of Optimism
A Vindication of God’s Justice (1710)
Monadology (1714)
The Best of All Possible Worlds
Teleology:  The Argument from Design
Theodicy:  An attempt to answer the Problem of Evil
If god is willing to prevent evil but cannot, He is impotent.
If God is able to prevent evil but will not, He is malevolent.
If God is both able and willing, why is there evil?