GREEK MYTHOLOGY

 

Olympic Gods

 

Zeus (zus):  Jupiter - the chief Olympian, ruler of the sky.

Poseidon (po-sī'-don):  Neptune - Zeus' brother, ruler of the sea.

Hades (hā'-dēz):  Pluto - Zeus' brother, ruler of the underworld.

Hestia (hes'-ti-a):  Vesta - goddess of hearth and home.

Hera (hē'-ra):  Juno - wife of Zeus, goddess of marriage and women.

Hermes (hur'-mēz):  Mercury - messenger of the gods, patron of thieves.

Hephaestus (he-fes'-tus):  Vulcan - god of fire and forge.

Ares (a'-rēz):  Mars - god of war.

Athena (a-thē'-na):  Minerva - goddess of arts and crafts.

Apollo (a-pol'-o):  Apollo - god of light, music, civilization.

Aphrodite (af-ro-dī'-tē):  Venus - goddess of love.

Artemis (ar'-te-mis):  Diana - goddess of the hunt and chastity.

 

Other Gods and Demigods

 

Demeter (de-mē'-ter):  Ceres - Goddess of the grain.

Persephone (per-sef'-o-ne):  Proserpine - daughter of Demeter and wife of Hades.

Dionysus (di-o-nī'-sus):  Bacchus - god of wine.

Leda (lē'-da):  Wife of Tyndareus (tin-da'-rē-us), king of Sparta.

The Dioscuri (dī-os-ku'-rī):  Gemini (jem'-i-nī)

            Castor (kas'-ter):  Son of Leda and Tyndareus, with Klytemnestra (kli-tem-nes'-tra), the wife of                                               Agamemnon.

            Pollux (pol'-uks):  Son of Leda and Zeus, with Helen.

Helios (hē'-li-ōs):  The sun god.

Pan:  God of the woods (Whence “panic”) and inventor of the flute.

Nymphs:  The word means “bride” and is applied to female demigods.

Calliope (ka-lī'-o-pē):  The muse of epic poetry.

 

Places and Things

 

Olympus (ō-lim'-pus) :  The home of the Gods.

Ambrosia the food of the gods.

Nectar the drink of the gods.

Delphi (del'-f ī'): site of the famous oracle of Apollo.

Paeans (pē-anz): solemn songs, hymns of praise or triumph to Apollo; taken from Paean, which means healer, a name for Apollo.

Oraculum (ō-rak'-u-lum): the answers of the gods to the questions of men.

Libation a liquid poured on the ground in honor of a god.

Hekatomb (hek'-a-tom): the sacrifice to the gods of a hundred oxen or cattle, or at least a large number.

Oceanus (Ō-sē'-a-nus): the great stream of water that encircled the earth.

 

The Underworld

 

            Tartarus (tar'-ta-rus): the lowest region in Hades.

            Kharon (kā'-ron): ferryboatman in Hades.

            Kerberus (ser'-ber-us): three-headed dog guarding the entrance to Hades.

            Elysian Fields abode of the blessed dead in Hades.

            Rivers in Hades

                        Styx unbreakable oath

                        Lethe (lē'-thē): forgetfulness

                        Phlegethon (fleg'-e-thon): fire

                        Akheron (ak'-e-ron): woe

                        Cocytus (kō-sē'-tus): wailing