I. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Divided man into the Empirical ego, that part not shared with everyone else, and the Transcendental ego, the Rational part shared with all others.
II.. G. F. W. Hegel (1770-1831): Said that the trancendental ego was real, and that it was one with the absolute ego (God).
Man is in the process (dialectically determined) of changing from matter to conscious spirit.
“All that is is rational; all that is rational is good.”
III. Essence precedes existence.
Idealism