The Later Nineteenth Century (1857-1914)

Realism and Naturalism

Nineteenth Century Realism, Naturalism, and Symbolism.

Realism and Naturalism. Washington State University.

Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)

Gustave Flaubert. Wikipedia.

Honore de Balzac (1799-1850)

The Human Comedy. Links to Project Gutenberg.

Balzac’s Paris: A Guided Tour. University of California, Riverside.

The France of Victor Hugo. Mount Holyoke College.

Honoré de Balzac. Penn State's Electronic Classics Series. The stories in PDF format.

Emile Zola (1840-1902)

Emile Zola. Books and Writers.

Emile Zola: Germinal (1885). Paul Brians. Washington State University.

The Georgetown Audio-Visual Electronic Library Project for the Study of Emile Zola
and the Dreyfus Case. Georgetown University.

Emile Zola Page. Palimpsest OnLine. Penn State University.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881)

Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky (1821-1881). Brandeis University.

Dostoevsky, Fyodor . Notes from the Underground. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.

Dostoevsky, Notes from Underground. Study Notes.Gary R. Jahn. University of Minnesota.

Study Guide for Dostoyevsky: Notes from Underground. Paul Brians. Washington State University.

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)

Leo Tolstoy.com.

Images of Leo Tolstoy. Anarchist Library.

The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy. Vladimir Chertkov, Tolstoy's long-time personal secretary.

Yasnaya Poliana.

The Death of Ivan Ilyich. The Classical Library.

Ivan Ilych and the Well-Worn Path. James R. Wilkins. Lawers and Literature. Includes a number of links to other resources.

Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883)

I. S. TURGENEV (1818-1883). Dr. R. Kreuzer. St. Lawrence University. Links.

Ivan Turgenev. ibiblio.org. A number of links.

Ivan Turgenev. Wikipedia.org.

Anton Chekhov (1860-1904)

Anton Chekhov. Creighton University. Many Links.

Anton Chekhov Page. Palimpsest Online. Penn State's Electronic Classics Series.

Personal Recollections of Anton Pavlovitch Chekhov. Maxim Gorky.

The Anton Chekhov Page. Many, Many Links.

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936)

Maxim Gorky. Prince Peter Kropotkin.

M. Gorky. Dr. R. Kreuzer. St. Lawrence University. Many Links.

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)

The Dramatist: Henrik Ibsen. Bjorn Hemmer.University of Oslo.

Penn State's Electronic Classics Series Henrik Ibsen Page. Plays in Adobe Acrobat.

Henrik Ibsen: Hedda Gabbler. Brooklin. CUNY.