HANDY DANDY HAND-OUT FOR CHAPTER 1

A. Anatomy == the study of __________________________ & ________________s

among ________________________; anatomy involves cutting.

B. Physiology == the study of how body structures ___________________________

NOTE: Structure is directly related to function. See p. 4 for examples; can you think of other examples, esp. those involving the shapes of cells relating to their function.

How do you know whether or not something is alive?
A. METABOLISM == sum of all ____________________________ in the body.

Catabolism==_______________________________________________________

Anabolism==________________________________________________________
1. Digestion == breakdown
2. Absorption == digested products pass into bloodstream

3. Circulation == movement of substances through body; involves _____________
4. Assimilation == changes absorbed chemicals into substances different from
those that entered the body
5. Respiration == process of obtaining ___________________________________



6. Excretion == removes wastes from body

B. Contractility == capacity of cells to generate force so they can shorten
_________________ & change ________________; self initiated movement.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

C. Responsiveness == respond to external & internal environment
D. Growth == __________________________________, not ______________
E. Reproduction == cells X à daughter cells; parents produce offspring like
SELF capable of producing offspring that is capable of producing offspring.
F. DIFFERENTIATION == fertilized egg -à embryo with cells that each produce
specific ___________________________________________________.
G. CONDUCTIVITY == ability of cells to carry the effect of _________________.

What is needed to maintain life:
A. Water

1. Most __________________________________ substance in body

2. Needed for most ______________________________ processes in human body

3. ______________________________ substances

4. _______________________________ body temperature

B. FOOD � for ENERGY + RAW MATERIALS
C. OXYGEN � used to ______________________________________________

D. HEAT � produced by metabolic rxn; needed for rxn to take place.
_____ temp = ____________________________________

E. PRESSURE � atmospheric pressure needed for breathing; hydrostatic pressure
(blood pressure) forces blood through vessels.

Tendency to maintain a _____________ ______________ __________________.

Pathology: a disease condition that occurs when homeostasis is interrupted;
Homeostasis is usually accomplished by _______________________________

A. Homeostasis: organisms are in homeostasis when the internal environment:

1. Contains optimum concentration of _______________, ________________

___________________ & ______________________.

2. Has optimal ______________

3. Has optimal ____________________ for health
When homeostasis is disturbed == ILLNESS

B. STRESS = any stimulus that creates an _________________ in internal envir.

                        STRESS



C. HOW DOES BODY STAY IN HOMEOSTASIS? Usually through ________
Example: page 7, fig. 1.5 ***********

D. WHICH 2 BODY SYSTEMS ARE USED TO MAINTAIN _____________

1. Nervous system & endocrine system : work together to maintain balance.
2. Example:

A. CHEMICAL LEVEL made of


1. ______________________: particles that make up all chemicals

2. ___________________________: groups of atoms

3. ____________________________: small molecules combined to form more
complex molecules

B. CELLULAR LEVEL: cells: basic ______________________; cells are made of

__________________ which are made of molecules which are made of ____

C. TISSUE LEVEL � layers of masses of cells with a _____________________

D. ORGAN LEVEL � groups of ________________ functioning together

E. ORGAN SYSTEMS � groups of _______________ that function together

F. ORGANISMIC LEVEL � completed ___________________ of organ systems
Page 9, Fig. 1.6, Table 1.3