Chapter 12 - Somatic and Special Senses

A. Chemoreceptors - taste, smell, changes in pH, oxygen and glucose.
B. Mechanoreceptors (fig 12.1)
1. **Proprioceptors - muscle spindle, golgi tendon (fig 12.5)
2. **Pressoreceptors - Meissner's, Pacinian, baroreceptors
3. Pain receptors (nociceptors) - exposure to excesses, free nerve endings
a. visceral pain ->referred pain (fig 12.3 & 12.4)
b. **acute pain
c. **chronic pain
C. Photoreceptors - rods and cones
D. Thermoreceptors

A. Olfactory
1. Structure -(fig. 32.1 - Lab page 250)

B. Gustatory
1. Structure -(fig. 32.3 - Lab page 251)

C. Hearing and Equilibrium
1. Structures
a. Major structures - (fig.33.1 - Lab page 258)
b. Inner Ear - (fig.33.2 -Lab page 259)
c. Cochlea cross section - (fig.33.3 - Lab page 260)
d. Otoliths - Head postion
e. Cupula - Head rotation
2. Animations
a. **How the Ear Works
b. **Sound waves in the cochlear ductc.
c. **Functioning of the ear more advanced
d. **Playing the scale on the basilar membrane
e. ** Inner Ear Balance

D. Vision
1. Structures
a. Lacrimal Apparatus - (Fig. 35.1 -Lab page 272)
b. Extrinsic eye muscles - (Fig. 35.2 - Lab page 272)
c. Eye transverse section - (Fig. 35.3 - Lab page 273)
2. Animations
a. **How the eye works.
b. **Function of the eye
c. **Eye muscle movements

3. Cow's eye dissection photo's